(English version,
Wikipedia copyright)
Clavius
is one of the largest crater formations on the Moon, and it is the third
largest crater on the visible near side. It is located in the rugged
southern highlands of the moon, to the south of the prominent Tycho crater.
Due to the location of the crater toward the southern limb, the crater
appears oblong due to foreshortening. Because of its great size, Clavius can
be detected with the unaided eye. It appears as a prominent notch in the
terminator about 1-2 days after the Moon reaches first quarter.
Notable
nearby craters include Scheiner to the west; Blancanus to the southwest;
Maginus in the northeast, and Longomontanus to the northwest. The Rutherfurd
crater lies entirely within the southeastern rim, while Porter crater
overlays the northeast wall. The smaller crater Clavius L lies across the
western rim, and Clavius K breaks through the west-southwest rim.
The crater is
one of the older formations on the lunar surface and was likely formed
during the Nectarian period about 4 billion years ago. Despite its age,
however, the crater is relatively well-preserved. It has a relatively low
outer wall in comparison to their size, and it is heavily worn and
pock-marked by craterlets. The rim does not significantly overlook the
surrounding terrain, making this a "walled depression". The inner surface of
the rim is hilly, notched, and varies in width, with the steepest portion in
the south end. Overall the rim has been observed to have a somewhat
polygonal outline.
The floor of
the crater forms a convex plain that is marked by some interesting crater
impacts. The most notable of these is a curving chain of craters that begin
with Rutherfurd in the south, then arc across the floor in a
counterclockwise direction forming a sequence of ever diminishing diameters.
From largest to smallest, these craters are designated Clavius D, C, N, J,
and JA. This sequence of diminishing craters has proved a useful tool for
amateur astronomers that want to test the resolution of their small
telescopes.
The crater
floor retains a diminshed remnant of a central massif, which lies between
Clavius C and N. The relative smoothness of the floor and the low size of
the central peaks may indicate that the crater surface was formed some time
after the original impact.
Clavius was featured in the
movie 2001: A Space Odyssey as the site of a lunar administrative base.
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