(English version,
Wikipedia copyright)
Ptolemaeus
is an ancient lunar impact crater close to the center of the near side. To
the south-southeast Ptolemaeus is joined to the rim of Alphonsus crater by a
section of rugged, irregular terrain, and these form a prominent chain with
Arzachel to the south. To the southeast is Albategnius crater and to the
north is the smaller but well-defined Herschel crater.
The features of Ptolemaeus are highlighted when the sun is at low angles
during the first and last quarter. During the full moon the sun is directly
overhead and the crater contours become more difficult to discern.
The crater has a low, irregular outer rim that is heavily worn and impacted
with multiple smaller craters. The rim has a discernable polygonal shape,
although overall it remains circular. The largest of the peaks along the rim,
designated Ptolemaeus Gamma (γ), has an altitude of 2.9km and is located
along the northwest rim. The crater has no central peak, a lava-flooded
floor, and lacks a ray system. Impact sites of this form are often
classified as a "walled-plain", due to their resemblance to the maria.
The somewhat dark-hued floor of Ptolemaeus is notable for several "ghost"
craters, formed when lava flow covers a pre-existing crater. These leave
only a slight rise where the rim existed, and are difficult to detect except
at low angles of sunlight. There are also multiple smaller craters across
the floor surface, most notably Ammonius crater in the northeastern
quadrant.
On either of this crater are a linear, irregular gashes in the lunar
surface, forming valley-like features. These features are approximately
parallel to each other and radiate from the direction of Mare Imbrium to the
north-northwest.
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